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to restructure our economy now； we may not get a second chance。
1。 The focus of the President’s program is on
＇A＇ investment。
＇B＇ economy。
＇C＇ technology。
＇D＇ tax。
2。 What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic…party？
＇A＇ They want a more direct action。
＇B＇ They want an incomes policy to check inflation。
＇C＇ They want to rebuild industry。
＇D＇ They want a wall of protective tariffs。
3。 What is the editor’s attitude？
＇A＇ support。
＇B＇ distaste。
＇C＇ Disapproval。
＇D＇ Compromise。
4。 The danger to the plan lies in
＇A＇ the two parties’ objection。
＇B＇ different idea of the two parties about the plan。
＇C＇ its passage。
＇D＇ distortion。
5。 The passage is
＇A＇ a review。
＇B＇ a preface。
＇C＇ a advertisement。
＇D＇ an editorial。
Vocabulary
1。 reverse 逆转
2。 slide 滑坡
3。 plague 瘟疫；折磨，困扰
4。 tariff 关税
5。 decry 谴责，诋毁
6。 lever 杠杆；用杠杆撬动
7。 crux 症结
8。 ideologue 空想家，思想家
9。 intact 原封不动的，完整无损的
10。 investment credit 投资信贷
11。 research grant 研究基金
难句译注
1。 This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment； lack of growth； and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years。
【参考译文】这对扭转经济滑坡；滑到失业高，增长少和已经困扰经济达6年之久贸易赤字来说是必要的。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一则有关总统向国会提交的经济计划评论。作者采用对比手法来突出其计划之正确性，第一段就讲了计划的涉及面：投资、研究、教育、税收等，目的是制止经济滑坡，提高美国工业竞争力。
第二、三两段叙述了计划遭两方面的反对，总统党内的右翼要求更强硬，更直接的行动，而共和党对即使逐渐稍稍提高一点税收都予以谴责。
第四段提出两者都忽略我们面临经济问题的独特性质。它不是市场或财政问题。掌握新技术的人大量增产，而不能采用新技术的人面临在世界经济中成为二等公民的危险。工业不能达到先进水平，就不能有效地竞争，那么任何保护主义或进入外国市场都不能长期奏效。没有技术优势的经验和利润的再投资，工业经济只能依然落后于外国竞争对手。
最后一段点出总统计划的要点就是工艺技术。作者提出：要求全面通过这一重新建设计划。如果我们不能重建经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。
答案详解
1。 C 工艺技术。最后一段第一句“问题的症结就在于工艺技术，这就是总统计划的要点所在。”第四段：“对掌握新技术的人来说，新技术使他们大大增产，而新技术对不能掌握它的人来说，在世界经济中他们面临沦为永久性的二等公民的危险。如果不能做到这一点，那么任何政府保护主义，进入国际市场都不能有效地竞争。如果不能有技术优势的利润和经验再投资，工业只能进一步落后于国外竞争对手。”这些都说明总统计划的重点再工艺技术。
A。投资。D。税收。只是总统计划的涉及面。B。经济。太笼统了。
2。 A 更直接行动。第二段“总统的党内几段自由翼要求更强硬、更直接行动。他们要求用收入（税收）政策来制止通货膨胀；联邦财政在关税保护下，帮助重建工业。”
B。他们需要制止通货膨胀。C。重建工业。D。保护关税墙。都只是他们要求中的不分内容，不完整。
3。 A支持。第四、五段集中了评论者的观点，支持的理由和论点。
B。厌恶。C。不赞成。D。调和妥协。
4。 D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危险不在于计划将不被通过，而在于左和右的思想理论家们用修正案来歪曲提案，使计划要点蒙尘模糊不清，经济重建计划应原封不动地通过。”这是作者的态度，也是他所担心之处。
A。两党的反对。B。两党对计划的不同看法。C。它的通过。
5。 D 社论。
A。评论。社论也是评论的一种，但它是报纸主编所撰，常常是有关国内外大事评论。B。前言。C。广告。
Passage Eighteen （Strictly Ban smoking）
If you smoke and you still don’t believe that there’s a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles； heart disease and lung cancer； then you are certainly deceiving yourself。 No one will acomuse you of hypocrisy。 Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking。 This needn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company。 Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised； the governments of most countries hear no evil； see no evil and smell no evil。 Admittedly； a few governments have taken timid measures。 In Britain for instance； cigarette advertising has been banned on television。 The conscience of the nation is appeased； while the population continues to puff its way to smoky； cancerous death。
You don’t have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm。 The answer is simply money。 Tobacomo is a wonderful commodity to tax。 It’s almost like a tax on our daily bread。 In tax revenue alone； the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities。 So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may； conceivable； be harmful； it doesn’t do to shout too loudly about it。
This is surely the most short…sighted policy you could imagine。 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand； it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other。 Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease。 Countless valuable lives are lost。 In the long run； there is no doubt that everybody would be much better…off if smoking were banned altogether。
Of course； we are not ready for such a drastic action。 But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples； you’d think they’d conduct aggressive anti…smoking campaigns。 Far from it！ The tobacomo industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising。 Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest。 We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning。 That would never do。 The advertisement always depict virile； clean…shaven young men。 They suggest it is manly to smoke； even positively healthy！ Smoking is associated with the great open…air life； with beautiful girls； true love and togetherness。 What utter nonsense！
For a start； governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacomo advertising and should then conduct anti…smoking advertising campaigns of their own。 Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres； cinemas and restaurants。 Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit。 A horrific warning – say； a picture of a death’s head – should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold。 As individuals； we are certainly weak； but if governments acted honestly and courageously； they could protect us from ourselves。
1。 Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking？
＇A＇ because they are afraid of people。
＇B＇ Because diseases cost a lot。
＇C＇ Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue。
＇D＇ Because they are afraid of manufacturers。
2。 The tone of this passage is
＇A＇ critical。
＇B＇ ironical。
＇C＇ distaste。
＇D＇ amusing。
3。 What does the sentence “because you are in good company” mean？
＇A＇ you are backed by the government。
＇B＇ You are not alone。
＇C＇ You have good colleagues。
＇D＇ Governments are blind to evils of smoking too。
4。 What is the best title of this passage？
＇A＇ World Governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking。
＇B＇ World governments take timid measures against smoking。
＇C＇ smoking is the most important source of income to many countries。
＇D＇ tobacomo industry spends a large sum of money on medical research。
Vocabulary
1。 a wishful thinking 根据愿望的想法，不顾事实的想法
2。 puff 喷
puff its way to 一路吞云吐雾走向（指抽烟抽到死）
3。 lukewarm 冷淡/漠然
4。 insidious 阴险的，狡猾的
5。 virile 年富力强的
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇“要求政府禁烟”的论说文，采用因果对比手法。先以讽刺口吻指出政府对禁烟的态度――软弱无力。然后点明软弱的原因――大量税收。再以抽烟大严重后果，机器所花去的钱说明得不偿失。而烟草工业广告泛滥，毒化人们。从而提出政府应从禁止烟广告作起。
答案详解
1。 C 因为他们害怕收入减少。答案见第二段。“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国政府就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响时不行的。”
A。他们害怕人民。D。他们害怕厂商。文中没有。B。疾病花费很大和软弱无力的禁烟措施有关。不是花费大而采取弱政策。
2。 B 讽刺语气。特别表现在第一段、第四段。
A。批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。这里时以讽刺的口吻加以批评政府软弱的禁烟政策。C。厌恶。D。有趣。
3。 D 政府�