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y to escape a boring class or stay in touch with friends。
But text…messaging； or texting for short； has a downside。 It can be expensive。 Many high school and college students acomustomed to sending unlimited instant messages on their computers do not adapt easily to text messaging’s pay…per…message format； and end up with unexpectedly high bills when they get involved in keypad conversations that involve hundreds； even thousands； of messages a month。 The results are angry confrontations with parents； long…term payment plans and the loss of cell phone privileges。
Text…messaging has flourished for years in Europe and Asia； where it is immensely popular among young people。 In the United States； activity was limited until 2002； when a breakthrough in the wireless market allowed short text messages to be sent among customers of the major cellular carriers。 Previously； customers could send messages only to those who used the same carrier。
The service； known as S。M。S。 （for Short Message Service）； has since taken off。 Acomording to a recent report Americans sent 2。5 billion text messages a month in mid…2004； triple the number sent in mid…2002。
Teenagers are clearly driving the trend。 “Younger people do text messaging a lot more than older folks；” said Mr。 Nogee。 “They’re more used to it from instant messaging on the computer； from growing up with it。 Older people would rather call up and talk。”
11。 The word “texter” （Line 1； Para 1） mainly refers to 。
A。 people who only call up and talk on cell phones
B。 people who not only “tezting”； but also call up on cell phones
C。 people who never call up but only send messages on cell phones
D。people who do a lot more messaging than calling with a cell phone
12。 Why are teenagers so addicted to text…messaging？
A） texting is much cheaper than making calls
B） texting is regarded as another way of escape a boring class or stay in touch with friends
C） texting on a cell phone allows unlimited characters
D） texting has flourished for many years in Europe and Asia
13。 One downside of text…messaging is 。
A） it may be expensive if one are not so familiar with its paying format
B） it may be a waste of time
C） one may become less talkative on the phone
D） it usually has a limitation of 160 characters
14。 Which of the following version is NOT true acomording to the article？
A） Younger people are more used to instant messaging on a computer than older folks。
B） Statistics has shown that text message business has proliferated over the past three years。
C） U。S’s S。M。S business in mid…2004 is four times larger than in mid…2002。
D） One of the punishment parents give to carelessly use of texting is kids may lose cell phone privileges。
15。 The word “rage” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to 。
A） anger B） fashion C） trend D） phenomenon
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage。
More than 100 colleges in Beijing enrolled fewer than 40；000 students in total this year； 10；000 less than last year； acomording to the Beijing Star Daily。 In 2002； they attracted 80；000 students in total。
The head of a private college in the capital told the newspaper that the cost of educating a student at one of these establishments was about 30；000 yuan a year。 He said a college needed to enrol 2；000 students a year to make ends meet。 But in Beijing； they had enrolled fewer than 400 on average this year。
“Some private colleges will go bankrupt in the coming years if the number of enrolments continues to drop；” the head was ed as saying。
Wei Honglin ； head of the Beijing Education Consulting and Complaint Centre； said private colleges had suffered huge losses during the SARs outbreak last year。
Education experts said private colleges were becoming less attractive to students because of rising unemployment among graduates。 They said high school graduates； especially those from less…developed areas； were reluctant to pay money and spend years on private college education when there was no guarantee of a job。
For many private college students； graduation is often a guarantee of unemployment because they are less popular with employers than graduates from well…known public colleges and universities。
An expansion of public colleges and universities since 1999 has also made it difficult for private colleges to survive。 There are more than 1；300 privately run colleges across the country and nearly all are struggling to attract enough interest to keep running。 To attract more students； more than 1 billion yuan was spent on publicising private colleges last year。 “For every student enrolled； the private colleges on average spent 3；000 yuan on publicity；” Mr Wei said。
16。 What may be one of the results if a private college fails to enroll 2；000 students a year？
A） Students will leave to find another one。
B） The college will have to pay a certain penalty to the government。
C） The college will have to shut down because of bankrupt。
D） President of the college will be put in jail。
17。 Why are students from less…developed areas reluctant to go to private colleges？
A） Fees of private colleges are too high for students from those areas。
B） It is more difficult for them to enroll private colleges。
C） Private colleges have a not so good repute。
D） After graduation from private colleges； the chance of getting a job is slimmer than from public colleges and universities。
18。 What has been done in private colleges in order to survive？
A） Private colleges has gradually decrease their tuition in order to attract students from less…developed areas。
B） Private colleges has tried to use advertisements to promote themselves。
C） An expansion of private colleges has been undertaking。
D） Private colleges now employ more experienced teachers。
19。 Based on the passage； what can be one of the reasons to cause losses to private colleges last year？
A） The outbreak of SARs。
B） The expansion of public colleges and universities。
C） The careless operation of the colleges。
D） The quality of the colleges’ faculty。
20。 Which is the following statement is false on the grounds of the facts in the text？
A） Nearly all the private colleges are struggling to survive throughout the country。
B） For every student enrolled； 3；000 yuan a year is spent on all kinds of promotion on average。
C） Private colleges usually guarantee of a much better job than universities。
D） Private colleges in Beijing enrolled about 50；000 students last year。
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage。
In Elizabethan England； there were laws to prevent members of the rabble from dressing above their station。 This was never really effective； but to understand how truly futile it is these days for the upper classes to try keeping the masses in their sartorial place； you need to know what a chav is。 “Chav” — the champion buzzword of 2004 in Britain； acomording to one language maven there — refers to something between a subculture and a social class。 The unofficial definition is a clueless suburbanite with appalling taste and a tendency toward track suits and loud jewelry。
In any case； there’s one aspect of chavness that almost every description mentions right away： Chavs love Burberry。 The recognizable plaid pattern of Burberry； the venerable English luxury brand； has long since come to serve as a status signifier。 Presumably it is status that chavs are looking for when they snap up anything and e